C++ in a Nutshell

C++ in a Nutshell

Chapter 1. Language Basics
  Section 1.1. Compilation Steps
  Section 1.2. Tokens
  Section 1.3. Comments
  Section 1.4. Character Sets
  Section 1.5. Alternative Tokens
  Section 1.6. Trigraphs

Chapter 2. Declarations
  Section 2.1. Declarations and Definitions
  Section 2.2. Scope
  Section 2.3. Name Lookup
  Section 2.4. Linkage
  Section 2.5. Type Declarations
  Section 2.6. Object Declarations
  Section 2.7. Namespaces

Chapter 3. Expressions
  Section 3.1. Lvalues and Rvalues
  Section 3.2. Type Conversions
  Section 3.3. Constant Expressions
  Section 3.4. Expression Evaluation
  Section 3.5. Expression Rules

Chapter 4. Statements
  Section 4.1. Expression Statements
  Section 4.2. Declarations
  Section 4.3. Compound Statements
  Section 4.4. Selections
  Section 4.5. Loops
  Section 4.6. Control Statements
  Section 4.7. Handling Exceptions

Chapter 5. Functions
  Section 5.1. Function Declarations
  Section 5.2. Function Definitions
  Section 5.3. Function Overloading
  Section 5.4. Operator Overloading
  Section 5.5. The main Function

Chapter 6. Classes
  Section 6.1. Class Definitions
  Section 6.2. Data Members
  Section 6.3. Member Functions
  Section 6.4. Inheritance
  Section 6.5. Access Specifiers
  Section 6.6. Friends
  Section 6.7. Nested Types

Chapter 7. Templates
  Section 7.1. Overview of Templates
  Section 7.2. Template Declarations
  Section 7.3. Function Templates
  Section 7.4. Class Templates
  Section 7.5. Specialization
  Section 7.6. Partial Specialization
  Section 7.7. Instantiation
  Section 7.8. Name Lookup
  Section 7.9. Tricks with Templates
  Section 7.10. Compiling Templates

Chapter 8. Standard Library
  Section 8.1. Overview of the Standard Library
  Section 8.2. C Library Wrappers
  Section 8.3. Wide and Multibyte Characters
  Section 8.4. Traits and Policies
  Section 8.5. Allocators
  Section 8.6. Numerics

Chapter 9. Input and Output
  Section 9.1. Introduction to I/O Streams
  Section 9.2. Text I/O
  Section 9.3. Binary I/O
  Section 9.4. Stream Buffers
  Section 9.5. Manipulators
  Section 9.6. Errors and Exceptions

Chapter 10. Containers, Iterators, and Algorithms
  Section 10.1. Containers
  Section 10.2. Iterators
  Section 10.3. Algorithms

Chapter 11. Preprocessor Reference
  - # operator and directive
  - ## operator
  - #define directive
  - defined operator
  - #elif directive
  - #else directive
  - #endif directive
  - #error directive
  - #if directive
  - #ifdef directive
  - #ifndef directive
  - #include directive
  - #line directive
  - #pragma directive
  - #undef directive

Chapter 12. Language Reference
  - and operator
  - and_eq operator
  - asm definition
  - auto storage class
  - bitand operator
  - bitor operator
  - bool type
  - break statement
  - case keyword
  - catch keyword
  - char type
  - class keyword
  - compl operator
  - const qualifier
  - const_cast operator
  - continue statement
  - declaration
  - declarator
  - default keyword
  - delete operator
  - do statement
  - double type
  - dynamic_cast operator
  - else keyword
  - enum keyword
  - explicit specifier
  - export specifier
  - expression
  - extern storage class
  - false literal
  - float type
  - for statement
  - friend specifier
  - function
  - goto statement
  - identifier
  - if statement
  - inline specifier
  - int type
  - long type
  - mutable specifier
  - namespace keyword
  - new operator
  - not operator
  - not_eq operator
  - operator keyword
  - or operator
  - or_eq operator
  - private access specifier
  - protected access specifier
  - public access specifier
  - register storage class
  - reinterpret_cast operator
  - return statement
  - short type
  - signed specifier
  - sizeof operator
  - statement
  - static storage class
  - static_cast operator
  - struct keyword
  - switch statement
  - template keyword
  - this keyword
  - throw operator
  - true literal
  - try statement
  - type
  - typedef keyword
  - typeid operator
  - typename keyword
  - unsigned specifier
  - union keyword
  - using keyword
  - virtual specifier
  - void keyword
  - volatile qualifier
  - wchar_t type
  - while statement
  - xor operator
  - xor_eq operator

Chapter 13. Library Reference
  Section 13.1. <algorithm>
  Section 13.2. <bitset>
  Section 13.3. <cassert>
  Section 13.4. <cctype>
  Section 13.5. <cerrno>
  Section 13.6. <cfloat>
  Section 13.7. <ciso646>
  Section 13.8. <climits>
  Section 13.9. <clocale>
  Section 13.10. <cmath>
  Section 13.11. <complex>
  Section 13.12. <csetjmp>
  Section 13.13. <csignal>
  Section 13.14. <cstdarg>
  Section 13.15. <cstddef>
  Section 13.16. <cstdio>
  Section 13.17. <cstdlib>
  Section 13.18. <cstring>
  Section 13.19. <ctime>
  Section 13.20. <cwchar>
  Section 13.21. <cwctype>
  Section 13.22. <deque>
  Section 13.23. <exception>
  Section 13.24. <fstream>
  Section 13.25. <functional>
  Section 13.26. <iomanip>
  Section 13.27. <ios>
  Section 13.28. <iosfwd>
  Section 13.29. <iostream>
  Section 13.30. <istream>
  Section 13.31. <iterator>
  Section 13.32. <limits>
  Section 13.33. <list>
  Section 13.34. <locale>
  Section 13.35. <map>
  Section 13.36. <memory>
  Section 13.37. <new>
  Section 13.38. <numeric>
  Section 13.39. <ostream>
  Section 13.40. <queue>
  Section 13.41. <set>
  Section 13.42. <sstream>
  Section 13.43. <stack>
  Section 13.44. <stdexcept>
  Section 13.45. <streambuf>
  Section 13.46. <string>
  Section 13.47. <strstream>
  Section 13.48. <typeinfo>
  Section 13.49. <utility>
  Section 13.50. <valarray>
  Section 13.51. <vector>

Appendix A. Compiler Extensions
  Section A.1. Borland C++ Builder and Kylix
  Section A.2. GNU Compiler Collection
  Section A.3. Microsoft Visual C++

Appendix B. Projects
  Section B.1. Blitz++
  Section B.2. Boost
  Section B.3. STLport

Glossary

C++ in a Nutshell is a reference to the C++ language and library. Being a Nutshell guide, it is not a comprehensive manual, but it is complete enough to cover everything a working professional needs to know. Nonetheless, C++ is such a large and complex language that even this Nutshell guide is a large book.

This book covers the C++ standard, the international standard published as ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E), Programming Languages—C++, plus Technical Corrigendum 1. Many implementations of C++ extend the language and standard library. Except for brief mentions of language and library extensions in the appendixes, this book covers only the standard. The standard library is large—it includes strings, containers, common algorithms, and much more—but it omits much that is commonplace in computing today: concurrency, network protocols, database access, graphics, windows, and so on. See Appendix B for information about nonstandard libraries that provide additional functionality.

This book is a reference. It is not a tutorial. Newcomers to C++ might find portions of this book difficult to understand. Although each section contains some advice on idioms and the proper use of certain language constructs, the main focus is on the reference material.